For the past 30 years or so, my brain always tells me to type “last” instead of “tail”. This usually results in some kind of “Permission denied” message that confuses me for a few seconds.
I was today’s years old to finally notice the cat-head-tail thing…
But it also just recently dawned upon me why pacman has those weird “c” as progress indicators…
I’m not a smart man…
catis misunderstood a lot. The purpose of cat is to combine multiple files together (it’s literally short for “concatenate”), likecat *.logto combine all log files together.If you’re just using it for a single file, then you should just redirect the file to stdin. These two command lines behave similarly:
cat foo.txt | some-commandsome-command < foo.txtFor
head,tail,grepand some other commands, you can just pass in the file name directly as an argument (e.g.grep whatever foo.txt).Also known as cat abuse.
If I just want to look at the file, is there a better way than
cat foo.txt? I guess I can’t just do< foo.txtAdmittedly I still use
catfor this.This also works too, but it’s more verbose:
echo "$(<foo.txt)"It’s mentioned in the Bash man pages:
The command substitution $(cat file) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $(< file).
EDIT: I was just informed that simply
<foo.txtworks too.how in the world is this not a useless use of echo and equivalent to
<foo.txt







